lipids in the life

Lipid

Lipids are a set of compounds in the body that have characteristics similar to fat, fat (grease), or oil. Because it is hydrophobic, the compound can be used by the body as a useful tool for berbagaikeperluan. For example, the type of lipid known as trigleresida serves as an important fuel. These compounds are highly efficient to be stored as energy-producing material savings due terkumpuk in small grains almost free of water, making it much lighter than the accumulation of carbohydrate-laden water equivalent. Another type of lipid that is an important structural material. The ability of this type of lipid to join together to get rid of water and other polar compounds cause it to form a membrane that allows for a variety of complex organisms.
Lipid A sebgai defined organic compounds found in nature and do not dissolve in water, but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents just as a hydrocarbon or diethyl ether. Lipids are compounds that are esters of fatty acids with glycerol which sometimes contain other groups. Lipids do not dissolve in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as ether, acetone, chloroform, and benzene.
Judging from the structure of lipid compounds are not soluble in water. Lipid compounds are named
based on physical properties (solubility) than the chemical structure. In general, lipids are divided into two major categories, namely "simple lipids" and "lipid complex". Includes simple lipid classes are compounds that have no ester group and can not be hydrolyzed. This group includes steroids. Group composed of complex lipid compounds having ester groups and can be hydrolyzed. This group meiputi oil, grease, and wax.

Lipids are a large group of natural molecules composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen include fatty acids, sterols, vitamins are fat soluble, monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, terpenoids (including sap and steroids) and others.

Lipid Function

The function of lipids are as follows:
1. Lipids are a source of metabolic energy that is essential in the formation of ATP. Lipids are a group of very rich nutrient energi.Perbandingan energy value of lipid nutrients are as follows:
Lipid 9.5 kcal / g
Protein 5.6 kcal / g
Carbohydrates 4.1 kcal / g
Based on this, it can be used as a substitute for lipid valuable protein for growth, because in certain circumstances, triglycerides (fat and oil) can be converted into free fatty acids as fuel in muscle metabolic energy untukmenghasilkan livestock, particularly poultry and monogastric.
2. Lipids are essential components of cell membranes and membrane sub-cells. Lipids are included in this group are polyunsaturated fatty acids / PUFA-containing phospholipids and sterol esters.
3. Lipids can be useful as an absorbent and a carrier for vitamin A, D, E and K.
4. Lipids are a source of essential fatty acids, which are the custodians and cell membrane integrity, optimizing lipid transport (because keterbatasanfosfolipid as emulsifying agent).
5. As a precursor to sex hormones such as prostagtandin endrogen hormone, estrogen.
6. Lipid serves as a vital protective organs.
7. Lipids as a source of steroids, which enhance its vital functions biologisyang Example: sterols (cholesterol) are involved in maintenance of membrane systems, for the transport of lipids and as a precursor of vitamin D3 and bile acids, adrenal and corticosteroids).
8. From the aspect of food technology, lipid acts as a lubricant yangberbentuk food pellets, as a substance that reduces impurities in food and contribute to the delicious food.

Physical and chemical properties

Physical properties of fat that is colorless, odorless and no sense; greater specific gravity than water, are not easily soluble in water, for the etheric oil extraction in the manufacture of perfumes. While the chemical nature is able terjadirancidity (rancid); hydrolyzed by high heat; hidrogensi oil; transesterification.
Fat characterized as organic biomolecules is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water and can be extracted with a solvent such as non-polar chloroform, ether, benzene, hexane, acetone and hot alcohol. In the past, fat is not an interesting subject for biochemical research. Because of the difficulty in researching compounds that are not soluble in water and serves as an energy reserve and structural components of membranes, lipids considered not to have diverse metabolic roles like those of other biomolecules, such as carbohydrates and amino acids.
However, nowadays, researching fat is the most captivating subject of biochemical research, particularly in molecular research on membranes. Ever thought to be inert structure (inert), today known as functional membranes as dynamic and a molecular understanding of cellular function is a key to explaining the various components of biological importance, for example, active transport systems and cellular responses to external stimuli. Subcutaneous tissue around the abdomen, the fat tissue around the kidneys contain a lot of fat, especially lipid roughly about 90%, in the brain tissue or the egg lipids are about the size of 7.5 to 30%.
A fatty acid is a chain hodrokarbon with a carboxyl terminal cluster, has identified more than 70 fatty acids available in nature. Although short-chain fatty acids, eg, fatty acid chain of four-or six-are commonly found, but triasilgliserolutama found in plant fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms, with a length of 14 to 22 carbons. Saturated fatty acids do not contain C = C double bonds in its structure, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, which sometimes are in cis geometric configuration. Unsaturated fatty acids most abundant have one or two double bonds (each, fatty acids and dienoat monoenoat), however, with three olefinic fatty acids (trienoat) and four (tetraenoat) double bonds are also found in nature.